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- Information on business finances
Information on business finances
This page collects information and resources to help you learn and understand business finances. Suomi.fi and Suomen Yrittäjät also offer plenty of information and services for businesses, some available in English.
![Kuvituskuva ja teksti: Yrityksen talousvaikeudet ja niiden ehkäisy -opas. Sinulle, joka tarvitset tietoa ja apua yrityksen talouden parantamiseksi tai neuvoja yritystoiminnan lopettamiseen. Suomi.fi.](/documents/43339941/48440438/y-talousvaikeudet_banneri_EN.png/adc93751-ae18-5032-811b-d9b74037256f?t=1667311492405)
Guide for company’s financial difficulties and their prevention
Do you know how to identify your company's financial situation and choose the best solution? Get to know this guide:
Information bank
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Budgeting
Budgeting will help you get a better grasp of what your business’s money is spent on and how much of it is spent throughout the budget period. The budget also functions as your business’s operating plan with regard to money. There are various ways to build a budget, the most common ones being the fixed and the rolling budget. Choose the budgeting method that best suits your business.
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Business Model Canvas
Business Model Canvas on liiketoiminnan suunnittelun työkalu. Se on visuaalinen ja yksinkertainen työväline liiketoimintasuunnitelman tiivistämiseen.
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Well-being for entrepreneurs
Busy periods are part of the job, but constant stress is not. The well-being of an entrepreneur directly impacts the business, customers and any employees who may be working for them. There are resources available for improving your well-being. In addition to regular rest, exercise and peer support, you can also organise occupational health care for yourself and make use of leave with financial assistance and other services.
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Profitability
Profitability is vital for your business. Build a business that is profitable from the start with careful financial planning and the correct pricing. Monitor your profitability on a regular basis and take action to improve it if necessary.
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Kassavirtalaskelma
Kassavirtalaskelma kertoo yrityksesi maksuvalmiuden. Laskelman avulla osaat varautua rahoitusvajeisiin, joita voi syntyä esimerkiksi yritystoimintasi alussa, kun kuluja aiheutuu jo ennen tuottoja. Kassavirtalaskelma toimii myös myynnin apuna. Se kertoo, kuinka paljon yrityksesi on myytävä tuotteitaan, jotta se saa katettua kulunsa.
Apua talouslukujen tulkitsemiseen saat esimerkiksi omalta kirjanpitäjältäsi. Yrityksen talous- ja maksuvaikeuksissa ja niiden ehkäisyssä auttaa myös Yrittäjän talousapu: soita arkisin klo 9–16.15 numeroon 0295 024 880. -
Kevytyrittäjyys
Kevytyrittäjällä tarkoitetaan yleensä henkilöä, joka:
- työllistää itsensä yrittäjämäisesti olematta työsuhteessa
- työskentelee ilman omaa yritystä tai y-tunnusta
- laskuttaa laskutuspalvelun kautta.
Eri viranomaiset tulkitsevat kevytyrittäjän aseman eri tavoin. Jos saat laskutuspalvelusta palkkaa, verotuksessa sinua pidetään palkansaajana, mutta eläkevakuuttamisen näkökulmasta olet yleensä yrittäjä.
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Bookkeeping
Bookkeeping is mandatory for everybody who practices entrepreneurship. It means recording the income and costs related to your business operations. It shows your company’s profits, funds and debt. The management of the company is responsible for arranging the bookkeeping. Using a competent accounting company for the job is recommended.
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Bankruptcy
You should not draw out unprofitable business operations. A controlled bankruptcy is always the better option than an uncontrolled one. In bankruptcy proceedings, your insolvent and unprofitable company is closed down after a court process. The court decides on beginning the bankruptcy proceedings based on the bankruptcy application. The application may be filed by your company or one of its creditors. In bankruptcy, your company may no longer manage its own assets. Instead, the court appoints an estate administrator for the bankrupt company. They will liquidate all of your company’s asset and distribute the money to creditors.
Bankruptcy is a fresh start. You can learn from it and move on with your life, maybe even start a new business in the future!
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Lopettaminen
Yrityksen yhtiömuoto vaikuttaa siihen, millainen prosessi yrityksen lopettaminen on. Lopettamisen tavasta riippumatta:
- Tee lopettamisilmoitus yritys- ja yhteisötietojärjestelmään (YTJ)
- Huolehdi verojen ja muiden maksujen ilmoittamisesta ja maksamisesta koko lopetusvuoden ajan
- Hoida kirjanpito toiminnan päättymispäivämäärään saakka
- Irtisano yrityksen vakuutukset ja muut sopimukset
- Kuoleta tai siirrä yrityskiinnitykset
- Säilytä kirjanpitoaineisto 6–10 vuotta
- Keskustele kirjanpitäjäsi kanssa, kannattaako yrityksen varallisuudesta luopua.
Ennen lopettamista tai konkurssihakemuksen jättämistä kannattaa selvittää, onko tilanne vielä korjattavissa. Yritystoiminnan voi myös keskeyttää, jos se on vain hetkellisesti kannattamatonta. Ota yhteyttä Yrittäjän talousapuun ja arvioidaan tilanne yhdessä. Yrittäjän talousapu -neuvontapalvelu on auki arkisin klo 9–16.15 numerossa 0295 024 880.
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Maksuhäiriömerkintä
Velan tai laskun maksamatta jättämisestä voi saada luottotietoihin maksuhäiriömerkinnän. Jos sinulla on maksuvaikeuksia, ota mahdollisimman pian yhteyttä velkojiin ja sovi maksujärjestelyistä. Huolehdi että tulot riittävät menoihin, jotta velkaantuminen pysähtyy. Maksuhäiriömerkintöjen säilytysaika lyheni 1.12.2022.
Tieto maksusta ei mene rekisterinpitäjälle automaattisesti, vaan maksetusta velasta tulee itse pyytää REF-merkintää. REF-merkintä luottotiedoissa tarkoittaa, että velka on maksettu. -
Business plan
Your business plan describes how your company will begin to implement its business concept in practice. It details aspects such as your company’s products and customers as well as the current market situation in the industry. It often also includes financing and profitability calculations. Update your business plan regularly and use it constantly in developing your business. When applying for funding, financiers often require an up-to-date business plan along with its calculations.
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Insolvency
Seek help before it is too late: if your company’s payment difficulties continue for a prolonged time, they may result in insolvency. If you tackle your payment difficulties as early as possible, you can begin reviving your business when there is still plenty of time to succeed. In the best case scenario, you can avoid insolvency altogether. Insolvency means a debtor is constantly unable to pay their debts by their due date. In such a case, the payment difficulties are not merely temporary.
Please contact the Yrittäjän talousapu counselling service so we can go over your situation together and figure out your options. In English: Mon.–Fri. from 9 a.m. to 4.15 p.m., tel. 0295 024 882 and in Finnish: Mon.–Fri. from 9 a.m. to 4.15 p.m., tel. 0295 024 880 (local network/mobile call charges apply).
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Payment difficulties
Payment difficulties are often hard to predict. They may occur even if your business is profitable. Possible reasons for payment difficulties include, for example, a prominent customer not being able to pay their invoices to your company in time, reduced number of orders, quick business expansion or, if your company is very dependant of you, you falling ill.
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Payment plan
The most lightweight option for making debt arrangements for your company is to contact the creditors directly and draw up a plan for paying back the debt with each of them. This is a suitable solution if your company’s financial difficulties are temporary and the future seem promising.
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Rahoitus
Yrityksen pääomarakenne koostuu omasta ja vieraasta pääomasta. Kassabudjetin avulla voit suunnitella, miten yrityksen kassassa olevat rahat riittävät. Ulkopuolista rahoitusta ovat muun muassa pankkilainat sekä rahoitus- ja vakuutusyhtiöiden ja Finnveran lainat. Lainojen lisäksi rahoitusta voit hakea joukkorahoittajilta ja pääomasijoittajilta. Ulkopuolisen rahoituksen saaminen edellyttää, että olet sijoittanut omaa pääomaa yritykseesi. Voit rahoittaa yrityksesi toimintaa myös hakemalla avustuksia ja tukia. Ensin pitää kuitenkin tehdä suunnitelma rahoituksen hakemiseksi.
Voit kysyä neuvoa rahoitusasioihin esimerkiksi Yritys-Suomi-puhelinpalvelusta.
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Financing crisis
If your company’s payment difficulties continue for a prolonged time, they may result in a financing crisis. This means your company is unable to pay its bills, taxes or other payments in time. The most obvious sign of a financing crisis is your revenue not being enough to cover business costs and the company’s monetary assets depleting. It is possible for your company never to face a financing crisis. You can avoid the crisis by making sure that your business finances are constantly in balance, staying alert and reacting to changes quickly.
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Resilienssi
Yksilötasolla resilienssi viittaa henkilön kapasiteettiin selviytyä vaikeuksista ja palautua haastavista tilanteista. Yrityksen resilienssillä on suora yhteys
henkilöstön toimintaan. Yritystasolla resilienssi tarkoittaa kykyä pysyä toimintakykyisenä ja palautua nopeasti (markkina)häiriöistä. Alla olevan työkalun avulla avulla voit arvioida käytössä olevia tekijöitä, jotka vahvistavat resilienssiäsi ja tehdä pitkän aikavälin suunnitelman. -
Financial monitoring
Basic financial calculations include profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flow statement. The profit and loss account shows your company’s profits and losses, the balance sheet its assets and the cash flow statement whether the company has enough money to make payments. You can follow your company’s liquidity, profitability and solvency with different indicators and key figures.
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Talousvaikeuksien ehkäiseminen
Yrityksesi voi välttää talousvaikeudet pitämällä huolta kannattavuudestaan, tunnistamalla vaaran merkit ajoissa ja varautumalla eri tilanteisiin.
- Oikean tilitoimiston valinta ja tilitoimiston palveluiden ja asiantuntemuksen hyödyntäminen säännöllisesti on erittäin tärkeää
- Huolehdi yrityksesi kannattavuudesta ja tunnista vaaran merkit ajoissa
- Pidä erityistä huolta veroista ja lakisääteisistä maksuista ja varaudu etukäteen yritystoiminnan poikkeaviin tilanteisiin.
Muista, että vastuu yrityksesi taloudesta on sinulla ja mahdollisilla yrityskumppaneillasi eikä esimerkiksi tilitoimistolla.
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Tase
Tase kuvaa yrityksesi varat ja velat tiettynä, yksittäisenä päivänä. Päivä voi olla esimerkiksi tilikauden tai kuukauden viimeinen päivä. Taseessa on kaksi puolta, jotka ovat aina yhtä suuret. Vastaavaa-puoli ilmoittaa yrityksesi varallisuuden. Vastaavaa ovat esimerkiksi yrityksesi rahat, varasto ja kalusto. Vastattavaa-puoli taas paljastaa, millä yrityksesi varallisuus on rahoitettu. Vastattavaa ovat muun muassa yritykseesi sijoittamasi omat rahat, pankkilainat ja verovelat. Taseen loppusumma ilmoittaa yritykseesi sitoutuneen pääoman määrän eli yrityksesi varallisuustilanteen.
Apua talouslukujen tulkitsemiseen saat esimerkiksi omalta kirjanpitäjältäsi.
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Financial statement
The financial statement is a calculation made at the end of an accounting period, which shows your company’s profit and assets. It is based on your company’s bookkeeping from the accounting period in question. Different financial statement regulations apply to companies of different sizes. Whether financial statements are required and what information needs to be included in them depends on the size and form of your company as well as the industry it operates in. Financial statements are public.
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Toimintaympäristö
Yrityksen johdon tulee luoda suotuisa toimintaympäristö henkilöstölle sekä mahdollistaa työssä tarvittavat resurssit. Alla olevan työkalun avulla ymmärrät resurssien merkityksen, osaat arvioida ja tarvittavat resurssit, tunnistat kumppanuuksien hyödyt ja voit tehdä toimintasuunnitelman.
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Tuloslaskelma
Tuloslaskelmasta näet, kuinka paljon yrityksesi liikevaihto on ollut, mihin rahoja on kulunut ja paljonko voittoa tai tappiota yrityksesi on tuottanut. Tuloslaskelma kertoo jakson tapahtumista yrityksesi toiminnan kannattavuuden näkökulmasta. Kannattavuutta voit tutkia esimerkiksi tilikauden tulosta ilmaisevasta kohdasta.
Seuraa yrityksesi kannattavuutta säännöllisesti talouden peruslaskelmilla. Pidät huolta, että vähennyskelpoiset menot ovat aina ajan tasalla kirjanpidossa. Tällöin tuloslaskelma, tase ja kassavirtalaskelma antavat hyvän kokonaiskuvan yrityksesi varallisuudesta ja maksuvalmiudesta.Apua talouslukujen tulkitsemiseen saat esimerkiksi omalta kirjanpitäjältäsi. Yrityksen talous- ja maksuvaikeuksissa ja niiden ehkäisyssä auttaa myös Yrittäjän talousapu: soita arkisin klo 9–16.15 numeroon 0295 024 880.
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Uuden yrityksen perustaminen
Konkurssi itsessään ei estä perustamasta uutta yritystä, jos olet hoitanut yrityksesi lakisääteiset velvoitteet. Niitä ovat muun muassa verojen maksaminen ja kirjanpidon asianmukainen järjestäminen. Jos olet joutunut liiketoimintakieltoon, et voi heti perustaa uutta yritystä. Jotta uusi yrityksesi lähtee alusta alkaen oikeaan suuntaan, suunnittele liiketoimintasi huolella ja ammattilaisten tukemana. Ota yhteyttä esimerkiksi paikallisiin yrityspalveluihin tai Yrityskummeihin.
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Solvency
Solvency refers to the ratio between the company’s equity and outside capital. The higher the ratio of the company’s own finances and assets (equity) to outstanding loan (outside capital), the better the solvency. Solvency is used to asses the company’s ability to meet its long-term responsibilities and may impact matters such as receiving additional financing.
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Debt arrangements
Debt arrangements are a way to fix your company’s finances. The suitable arrangement is based on the type of the company and the scope of its difficulties. Arrangements suitable for all company types include preparing a payment plan, debt restructuring and accelerated restructuring. Debt arrangement for a private person is only suitable for a sole trader.
Your company is eligible for a debt arrangement for a private person if you operate as a sole trader. In the debt arrangement, a payment programme is prepared for the debts you have accumulated both in your company and private household. You can apply for the arrangement through the financial and debt counselling (link) provided by the state legal aid offices. The Yrittäjän talousapu counselling service can assess your options for debt arrangements.
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Business taxation
Your company must submit certain notifications and payments to the Finnish Tax Administration on its own initiative each tax period, usually once a month. Your company must pay an income tax for its profits and a value-added tax for business subject to it. In general, you will need to register your company at least in the Trade Register and the Prepayment Register. If your turnover is going to exceed EUR 15,000, your company must also be registered in the VAT Register. A withholding tax and the employer's health insurance contribution are paid from the salaries. Excise duty is paid for manufacturing and importing certain products.
Remember to submit your notifications and pay your taxes by the deadline. The deadlines are usually every month. You can submit notifications and pay your company’s taxes in the MyTax service.
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YEL-vakuutus
YEL-vakuutuksella vakuutat itsesi vanhuuden, työkyvyttömyyden ja kuoleman varalta. Vakuutukseen sisältyy myös perhe-eläke. Et voi korvata YEL-vakuutusta muilla, vapaaehtoisilla, vakuutuksilla. YEL-vakuutusmaksu on kokonaan verovähennyskelpoinen.
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Yrityssaneeraus
Yrityssaneerauksessa yritykselle laaditaan velkojien kanssa saneerausohjelma, jonka tavoitteena on kehittää yrityksen toimintaa ja parantaa kannattavuutta. Saneerauksen tulee olla myös velkojille konkurssia parempi vaihtoehto. Saneeraukseen kannattaa hakeutua hyvissä ajoin, koska konkurssihakemuksen ollessa vireillä on useimmiten jo liian myöhäistä. Soita Yrittäjän talousapuun, kun haluat selvittää yrityksesi mahdollisuuden hakeutua yrityssaneeraukseen.
Preparation of restructuring programme
How to prepare a restructuring programme?
A restructuring programme represents a comprehensive approach to rehabilitating the debtor’s business. The checklist below is meant to facilitate the preparation of a restructuring programme. The checklist is in accordance with the Directive on restructuring and insolvency. The checklist applies to both preventive and normal restructuring. The restructuring programme prepared in preventive restructuring is subject to an additional requirement, which is described below.
Who prepares the restructuring programme?
While the restructuring programme is usually prepared by the administrator, it may also be prepared by the debtor company itself or, subject to certain conditions, the owners or creditors of the debtor company.
What does the restructuring programme include?
The restructuring programme shall include:
- the details of the debtor subject to restructuring and the administrator when one has been appointed
- section on information
- section on measures
- details on the division of the creditors into groups and their right to vote.
It is recommended that the programme document should at first briefly lay out:
- the proposed restructuring measures
- their projected performance impacts
- the duration of the programme.
Checklist for preparation of restructuring programme
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Information on the debtor’s financial standing
The restructuring programme shall include information on:
- the debtor’s assets, liabilities and other undertakings, and the security for liabilities;
- activities and their results from the period after the commencement of the proceedings;
- changes after the commencement of the proceedings in the organisation or the other operating conditions of the debtor;
- credit taken out after the commencement of the proceedings, the security provided for this credit and the undertakings assumed;
- any related-party relationships between creditors and the debtor;
- the results of audits and inspections of the activities of the debtor, measures or suspicions regarding offences by a debtor, accounting offences or other criminal acts connected to business operations, as well as measures, observations or suspicions regarding grounds for recovery;
- assessments of how the financial status and the operating conditions of the debtor and the status of the creditors can be presumed to develop in the absence of a programme and with the support of a programme;
- whether or not the debtor has complied with its obligation to provide information and to co-operate;
- statutory employer-employee negotiations to implement any arrangements concerning personnel;
- other circumstances relating to the debtor or to the activities pursued by the debtor that may be of significance in assessing the restructuring programme and the criteria for its implementation, such as the readiness of the debtor to continue its activities in the manner and with the changes required in the restructuring programme and to undertake the other measures in the programme.
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Measures and arrangements to be provided in the restructuring programme
The restructuring programme shall specify in detail the measures and arrangements intended to rehabilitate the debtor’s activities as well as the measures and arrangements pertaining to the status of the debtor and the creditors and the grounds for these.
The programme shall contain provisions on the following:
Debtor’s activities and company form
The programme shall mention:
- whether the debtor’s activities are to be continued and to what extent
- any changes in company form, articles of association, by-laws or partnership agreement or company organisation relating to this shall also be mentioned.
Debtor’s assets
The programme shall provide for:
- measures and arrangements pertaining to the debtor’s assets, such as retention of assets with the debtor, their liquidation or transfer, manner of liquidation or transfer
- proceeds obtained or expected.
Personnel arrangements
The programme shall provide for personnel arrangements, which must be implemented in compliance with labour legislation.
Arrangements concerning restructuring debts
With regard to debts, the programme shall contain a payment plan indicating:
- the content and payment schedule of the debt arrangement, itemised for each debt
- with regard to ordinary (unsecured) debts, an estimate as to what their share would have been in bankruptcy
- information on any set-offs carried out during the restructuring proceedings.
The payment plan included in an approved restructuring programme alone constitutes a basis for enforcement. Consequently, the payment plan must be sufficiently unambiguous so that it can be used as a basis for enforcement.
Obligation to make additional payments
The restructuring programme shall provide for any obligation to make additional payments. Where additional payments are required, the programme shall determine the grounds for making such payments. The provisions shall be sufficiently detailed so as to make clear the grounds for the obligation to make payments and to allow the debtor to comply with them. Alternatively, the programme may state that no obligation to make additional payments applies.
Payments to related parties
The restructuring programme shall provide for the remuneration or other compensation payable to the debtor, a partner or shareholder of the debtor company or their related party, or provide for the grounds for such remuneration or compensation.
Programme financing
The programme shall mention whether the restructuring programme requires new financing and indicate the kinds of financing arrangements envisioned. In addition, in preventive restructuring proceedings, the restructuring programme shall include an account of the reasons why the new financing included in the programme is necessary.
Programme monitoring
One or more supervisors may be appointed to monitor the restructuring programme. The need for a supervisor shall be determined on a case by case basis. Appointing a supervisor may be necessary when, for example, the restructuring programme includes multiple restructuring measures that take place over a long period of time or are of particular significance.
No supervisor need necessarily be appointed when the focus in the restructuring measures under the programme is on debt arrangements. In such a case, an independent third party may be commissioned to monitor and report on the implementation of the programme. For example, it may be agreed that the debtor’s auditor take on duties related to programme monitoring.
The supervisor’s term of service, duties and obligation to provide information shall be stated in the draft programme.
When no supervisor is appointed, the obligation to provide information on the implementation of the programme resides with the debtor. Any duties of the debtor relating to information provision shall be mentioned in the programme.
Payment liability of third party
When a party is liable for a certain debt based on a guarantee undertaking or as a joint debtor, the programme shall also provide for the said party’s payment liability towards the creditor. When a debt is secured by a real security right over the property of a third party, the programme shall indicate the effect of the debt arrangement on the liability of the said party.
Realisation restructuring
If, under the programme, the debtor company, its business or assets or part thereof is to be transferred as a functional entity (‘realisation restructuring’), the programme shall indicate the manner and terms of transfer and the identity of the transferee when known.
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Grouping of debtors and lack of voting rights
Unless the restructuring programme is approved with the consent of all creditors, the programme shall indicate the grouping of creditors and the number of votes of each creditor and group of creditors.
The creditors shall be grouped as follows:
- secured creditors;
- creditors holding a floating charge as security for their claims;
- creditors other than secured creditors so that one group is formed by creditors whose claims may be enforced without a judgment or court order (public-law creditors);
- creditors with lowest-priority claims so that the groups are formed in accordance with the priority order of such claims.
In addition, the restructuring programme shall indicate which creditors lack voting rights. Voting rights may be lacking for example for creditors which under the draft programme receive payment in full on their claim no later than within one month of approval of the programme, or creditors whose legal position is not affected by the programme, and in certain circumstances also creditors with lowest-priority claims.
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Other considerations
Restructuring measures other than debt arrangements typically require the contribution of the debtor company’s management bodies or owners, or both. In many cases, the preconditions to these restructuring measures are governed by other legislation (for example corporate, labour or contract law).
In order for the restructuring programme to constitute a functional and financial whole, these restructuring measures shall also be indicated in the restructuring programme. The programme may impose various kinds of conditions, the fulfilment of which is a precondition to the approval of the programme. The programme may also include provisions on the grounds on which the debt arrangements shall expire.
![Elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskus - Työ ja elinkeinoministeriö - Yrittäjät - Early Warning Europe](/documents/43339930/0/kumppanuus-logot_rivissa.jpg/82cbd029-0bb6-ba3b-b4cb-ea488c12f71a?t=1618924671097)
ely-updated 19.06.2024